Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dreams and Racism Essay

Dreams and Racism in A Raisin In The Sun At most occasions, the American Dream looks like an ideological riddle in excess of a completely feasible picture. Inside the bounds of her fantastical, showy world Lorraine Hansberry endeavors to fit a couple of these pieces together and, all the while, winds up demonstrating precisely how everything doesn't simply snap-together all pleasantly. The issues in her play, A Raisin In The Sun, manage the essential idea of people and their regarded battle's to make it in America.   The story, generally, focuses upon an African-American family, their fantasies for the future and a protection check coming in for death of the oldest man. Mixing in with the general mish-mash later is the gigantically harsh, segregationist part of mid-twentieth century America. With profoundly severe outside weights, joined with clashing thoughts of satisfaction, the story focuses on the ideological clashes between characters.   The biggest clashes result between Mama Younger and her child, Walter. Walter speaks to, evidently, all the things America ingrains in men; the longing to try sincerely and improve a life for his family than he had, the failure to be empathetic towards his family, a practically uninformed refusal to shift from his fantasy for the fantasies of others. Hansberry focuses here, no doubt, on the most negative parts of masculinity. Truth be told, overridingly, men in this play are frightful animals: George is snobbish, distinguished and a big talker (referencing the drape time in New York to a ladies who clearly has no clue about that sort of thing basically puts him, in his eyes, that a lot higher than her); Walter's companions are windbag know-it-each of the's (one of whom takes off with all the cash th... ...r in any case, until the day he passes on she will be his sister, and in this way he will consistently be fairly pleased with her. To me, this is an unpredictable human detail and proof of Hansberry's preeminent capacity of making characters directly out of reality.   At long last I accept she is offering the expression that the alleged American Dream is diverse for everybody; kind of an otherworldly unique finger impression of ideal world. Being an African-American lady in the 40's and 50's most likely impacted the tone of this piece; as did being a seriously closeted lesbian. Despite the fact that our separate childhoods couldn't be significantly more extraordinary, I completely concur with the position she's taken. The table of America isn't level, in this manner making the riddle move and tilt wildly. The pieces don't generally fit and it is miserable that such a significant number of individuals spend their whole lives attempting to compel them to work.

Performance management in UFI Essay

Before UFI can begin giving representatives rewards or start to sack individuals they have to know how well they and the business is performing. On the tenth of May every year UFI will discharge their finish of year report, which shows how well they have performed during the previous year, on a similar date they additionally discharge the destinations for the year continuing. This is the point at which the business hand out their â€Å"UFI arranging and input form† (joined) to every representative to fill in like manner. Examination of UFI arranging and criticism structure S1 = This sheet is to show who has filled the structure in, who their line supervisor is and to orchestrate a date to survey how they are getting along and on the off chance that they are on track to arrive at the goals S2 = On sheet two the representative records his/her destinations, which is clearly significant as they have to know their goals so they can focus on them! The need of the goal is additionally recorded, this is likewise a significant undertaking since it is normal in each part of work for certain territories to have a higher need then others. On the off chance that the business needs to point more into one heading, at that point another then it will need its representatives to accomplish the work that will enable the business to prevail here. At long last on this sheet is the â€Å"summary of accomplishment including showing of values† which in laymen terms implies = ‘what you have done’ S3 = If the representative feels that he/she needs preparing in a specific zone in this manner improving their efficiency for the business then they compose that in here. By doing this, UFI are ensuring that every one of their representatives are talented people who are competant and ready to accomplish work that is asked of them. Additionally on this sheet is the directors summery, which, as the name recommends, is the place the representatives administrator sums up on his/her laborers execution. S4 = On sheet five is the â€Å"end of year shading band.† This is a key for you to tick where you feel the depiction best shows how well you have functioned for the current year. By doing this UFI can examine how well their staff accept they have done, for example in the event that they utilized 200 individuals ==> Yellow = 5 Purple = 14 Red = 114 Green = 47 Blue = 20 At that point with this data UFI could draw up outlines, diagrams or anything they desire to do with it. Likewise on this sheet there is a segment titled â€Å"individual’s comments.† This space is all the more then prone to be filled in with individuals who have quite recently marked the yellow or purple box with reasons/reasons of why they haven’t ticked the purple box! S5 = on this sheet is the key for the shading band for the sheet previously. Another motivation behind why UFI utilizes this shading band is for worker spirit. As most likely most of workers will tick the red, green or blue boxes, they at that point turn the page and read that they are so essential to the organizations drive to progress. What could be better for your personality at that point perusing ==> â€Å"You have been a good example in the exhibition of UFI’s values†?

Health Care Spending Essay Example for Free

Social insurance Spending Essay In the previous seven decades social insurance spending has been expanding enormously. The mechanical time got another framework to assist populace with dueling with the expense of clinical consideration. New innovation has become a genuinely necessary putting resources into the 21st century which has respect an extraordinary edge among little and enormous offices. When taking a gander at all of these components there is no big surprise the country is spend an excessive amount of cash on human services, in spite of the fact that on occasion may appear that there isn't sufficient. It appears that the correct venture is expected to help those that need assistance the most the older and jobless, with the economy in a delicate state and joblessness rates expanding with the quarters there is no doubt that choices about how we are spending on human services needs to change. Despite the fact that such a large number of variables are engaged with the spending this paper would concentrate on our present degree of uses, how and where is the cash spent, determining what might be coming straightaway. Current degree of national medicinal services uses As indicated by Physicians for a National Health Program (2012), â€Å"National Health Expenditures was $2.8 trillion, and the spending as a percent of GDP was 18% for 2012† (National Health Expenditure Projections: Modest Annual Growth until Coverage Expands and Economic Growth Accelerates). When taking a gander at these realities many would even contend we are spending very enough with regards to human services or maybe to an extreme, anyway is the direct inverse insufficient spending is in the correct spot. These figures doesn't speak to the spent on one region of medicinal services the diagram beneath will give a thought regarding what, when, and where was spent on 2009. Complete = $2.3 Trillion Source: Martin A.B. et al., â€Å"Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010; Health Share of Gross Domestic Product Was Unchanged from 2009,† Health Affairs, 2012. As appeared on the chart 51% of the spending is towards emergency clinic care and doctor/clinical administrations which are incredible to be put resources into, anyway the remainder of the spending as I would like to think isn't relatively appropriate, yes those regions are critical yet it would be advantageous if more can be conveyed along drug, and different experts administrations to incorporate the testing and analyze of genuine sicknesses, for example, malignant growth. The venture is require to sponsor the necessities on these zones, 45 percent of individuals under age 65 who dont have protection inclusion for solutions said they had not filled a remedy in the most recent year in view of the expense. Furthermore, 84 percent of working-age individuals in the U.S. without protection inclusion for remedies said they had made some move, for example, spending less on goods or deferring taking care of different tabs so as to pay for their meds, an expansion from 71 percent a year ago (Rowan, 2012). As to for patients with disease there ought to be all the more financing for the new innovation accessible for test that numerous patients don't know, since they can't bear the cost of it or essentially in light of the fact that it isn't accessible in their general vicinity. Spending: Too much or insufficient? In 2010, $2.6 trillion was spent on medicinal services administrations and items, 61 percent of which bought emergency clinic care, doctor and clinical administrations, and retail physician recommended drugs. Private medical coverage paid for 33 percent, cash based hotspots for 12 percent, and other outsider payers and projects for 7 percent. The two biggest government social insurance projects, Medicare and Medicaid, bought $925.1 billion worth of medicinal services products and ventures in 2010, representing 36 percent of complete human services spending (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2012). The expansion of cost would keep on ascending as per financial specialists, social insurance directors, and counsels driving for another change to change the framework. Accordingly many are not very please with this thought is an extraordinary that can't be stay away from, there is a need to change in strategies and techniques where we spent or put resources into human services. Proposing that the speculation is too little would be a forswearing proclamation, ordinary an ever increasing number of patients are depending on projects, for example, Medicare and Medicaid to get the consideration required right now. As the financial downturn set in more profound less would be accessible to manage the cost of simply the fundamental needs, drug or any treatment; joblessness rates are on the ascent and it doesn't appear it would stop at any point in the near future. In spite of the fact that the new change would attempt to set up some sort of dependability, until the insurance agencies and approach creators go to a consent to give a widespread premium to support which can be reasonable for all, similar issues would keep on rising. Numerous elements additionally have impact on spending considering for instance the interest for new innovation in the 21st century; this pattern has become somewhat a factor in the ascent on medicinal services spending. Quite a bit of this new innovation is helpful in the event that it gives another approach to utilized as of now build up innovation, anyway numerous examinations have uncovered that a large portion of them are just here to supplant such innovation and at certain conditions increment the expense of administration. As a nation a more profound thought of such innovation is required not exclusively to set aside cash, yet to contribute astutely concerning what might enable the framework to cut in spending. Future financial needs of medicinal services For a considerable length of time to come the suffering impacts of the monetary downturn and moderate recuperation, due for the most part as a result of incomplete development in wages, are relied upon to keep on restricting wellbeing spending development. In 2014 the inclusion developments spread out in the Affordable Care Act for Medicaid and for private medical coverage are required to build the development rate for wellbeing spending, with striking increments expected in spending on doctor administrations and professionally prescribed medications for recently protected patients. Before the year's over, higher salary development and the proceeding with move of people born after WW2 into Medicare are required to cause wellbeing spending to develop around two rate focuses quicker than in general financial development, which is about a similar differential experienced in the course of recent years. Along these lines an essential change of a national social insurance maybe would give the change required, the main issue with this recommendation is the financing. Along these lines a national human services would enable each resident to arrive at the so required clinical consideration required at a moderate value there is nothing unexpected that the subsidizing through Federal projects are diminishing, and the expense of private protection continues raising. In this way a more assessed change ought to be set up where the expense of care ought to be controlled, and progressively moderate choices are given to the populace; an expansion on repayment of social insurance for fundamental wellbeing needs is important to sponsor the expense for complex wellbeing needs so as to keep the cost managed. As indicated by Centers For Medicare And Medicaid Services (2011), â€Å"In 2014, national wellbeing spending is anticipated to ascend to 7.4 percent, or 2.1 rate focuses quicker than without change, as the significant inclusion developments from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are required to bring about 22 million less uninsured people† (National Health Expenditure Projections 2011-2021). Increments in Medicaid spending development, and private health care coverage development will add to the general speeding up in national wellbeing spending in 2014. There is no doubt that innovation would likewise keep on raising to enable the framework to give the most ideal and quick path administrations to those out of luck. Putting more in human services can just profit the country; anyway the correct choices should be made so as to monitor the spending development. Reference Communities for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Recovered from http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/dsm-10.pdf Communities for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2011). Recovered from http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and - Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/Proj2011PDF.pdf Martin A.B. et al., â€Å"Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010; Health Share of Gross Domestic Product Was Unchanged from 2009,† Health Affairs, 2012. Doctors for a National Health Program. (2012). Recovered from http://www.pnhp.org/news/2012/june/2012-human services spending-including-organization Rowan, K. (2012). Fox news.com. Recovered from http://www.foxnews.com/wellbeing/2012/09/13/why-americans-remedies are-going-unfilled/

Sime Darby Free Essays

Page 1 of 6 Fundamental Analysis for SIME DARBY BHD Company Name: Stock Code (Bursa): Bloomberg: Industry: Sub-Sector: Company Description: Date of Analysis: Financial Year: SIME DARBY BHD Board: Main Board SIME FBMKLCI: TRUE SIME:MK Reuters: SIME. KL TRADING SERVICES OIL PALM/RUBBER AND OTH CROP PRODUCTION PLANTATION; PROP; MOTORS; INDUSTRIAL; ENERGY UTILITIES. 19-Sep-12 2011 30/6/2011 Price: 9. We will compose a custom article test on Sime Darby or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now 79 Stock Grade: Emerging Investment Grade Profitability 10 ROI 8 ROI Liquidity 6 Efficiency 4 Risks 2 0 Potential Growth Buy Hold Returns Potential Growth 65 75 90 50 105 Buy Hold Returns 25 Liquidity 1. 80759 40. 02273 62. 4099 36. 10128 85. 8969 57. 48956 18. 75 7. 97 5. 34 6. 93 7. 22 8. 18 5. 48 7. 5 Risks Efficiency Future development drivers and Risks: http://declarations. bursamalaysia. com/edms/edmswebh. nsf/all/FF95B42CEC4045D948257A7A0062 DF67/$File/Press%20release. pdf Due-Diligence All figures in a great many Ringgit Malaysia with the exception of per share esteems and proportion Measures 2002 @ 2002/6/30 2003 @ 2003/6/30 2004 @ 2004/6/30 2005 @ 2005/6/30 2006 @ 2006/6/30 2007 @ 2007/6/30 2008 @ 2008/6/30 2009 @ 2009/6/30 2010 @ 2010/6/30 2011 @ 2011/6/30 Importane Rate Comments Gainfulness Increasing Sales Revenue Increasing Net Income After Tax Increasing Gross Profit Margin (Preferably ? 40%) ROI Increasing high ROE (Preferably ? 15%) Increasing ROIC (Preferably ? 15%) Increasing CROIC (Preferably ? 15%) Liquidity Increasing Net Cash from Operations Increasing Free Cash Flow/Sales (Preferably ? 5%) Increasing Quick Ratio (Preferably ? 1) Short declining Cash Conversion Cycle Efficiency Increasing Net Profit Margin (Preferably ? 10%) Increasing OCF/TA (Preferably ? 8%) 12,053 928 29. 9% 13,718 945 30. 4% 14,904 1,015 26. % 18,646 933 24. 4% 20,162 1,203 23. 6% 20,735 1,597 23. 3% 34,045 3,753 26. 2% 31,014 2,341 23. 0% 32,845 855 26. 8% 41,859 3,847 25. 7% 10. 7% 8. 0% 4. 5% 10. 2% 8. 0% 5. 2% 10. 9% 8. 0% 3. 3% 10. 0% 9. 0% 3. 6% 12. 7% 7. 0% 5. 2% 15. 8% 8. 0% 7. 1% 16. 2% 12. 0% 9. 1% 10. 7% 9. 0% - 1. 1% 3. 6% 5. 0% 6. 8% 15. 2% 13. 0% 6. 5% 647 3. 5% 1. 09 62 930 4. 3% 1. 41 66 652 2. 6% 1. 39 65 737 2. 3% 1. 12 62 1,154 3. 4% 1. 23 67 1,644 4. 8% 1. 27 65 3,936 7. 2% 1. 38 63 937 - 1. 0% 1. 00 91 3,570 5. 9% 1. 00 65 3,393 4. 9% 1. 05 65 10. 0% 5. 2% 9. 0% 6. 3% . 0% 4. 2% 7. 0% 4. 5% 8. 0% 6. 6% 10. 0% 8. 4% 15. 0% 10. 9% 10. 0% 2. 6% 5. 0% 9. 5% 13. 0% 7. 9% Risks Declining Debt/Equity Ratio (Preferably lt; 1) Operating Income Variability Sales Variability Increasing Altman Z Score (Preferably ? 2. 6) Declining Beneish Score (Preferably lt; - 2. 22) Potential Growth Increasing Sustainable Growth Rate (Preferably ? 8%) Increasing Expected EBIT Growth N/A (Preferably ? 8%) Quality of Sales Revenue Growth (Preferably ? 80%) N/A 0. 15 1,081 12,053 5. 73 0. 27 1,225 13,718 5. 50 - 2. 83 0. 28 1,389 14,904 6. 5 - 2. 90 0. 34 1,406 18,646 5. 13 - 2. 95 0. 38 1,206 20,162 5. 42 - 2. 86 0. 29 1,569 20,735 7. 13 - 3. 00 0. 22 4,339 34,045 5. 83 - 1. 99 0. 26 3,151 31,014 7. 02 - 2. 89 0. 37 2,081 32,845 5. 80 - 2. 84 0. 29 5,483 41,859 6. 38 - 2. 86 3. 5% 2. 9% 16. 4% 93. 5% 85. 8% 28. 7% 53. 4% 59. 1% 56. 9% 3. 7% 4. 1% 2008: 2002-2011: 2008: 2002-2011: 2008: 2002-2011: 2. 3% 3. 1% 77. 2% 2009: 91. 1% 52. 4% 2009: 58. 2% 76. 6% 2009: 45. 6% 6. 4% 5-Y: 4. 4% 9. 9% 7. 9% 14. 9% 74. 6% 2010: 59. 2% 2010: 14. 9% 2010: 2. 9% 19. 4% 5. 0% - 5. 0% 69. 4% 2011: 17. % 2011: 21. 6% 2011: 0. 6% 6. 6% 7. 7% 13. 6% 73. 3% 30. 0% 14. 0% 2007: 2005-2011: Quality of EBIT Growth (Preferably 2007: ? 80%) 2005-2011: Quality of Operating Cash Flow 2007: Growth (Preferably ? 80%) 2005-2011: Buy Hold Returns Shareholder Wealth Creation Full: (Preferably ? 8%) 5. 7% 10-Y: - 1. 0% 3-Y: 11. 5% Investment Strategy Position Strategy Position Lump Sum + Top Up Strategy: Buy Criteria Averaging Down Method: Dollar Cost/Value Averaging Criteria 1. The current quarter’s EPS is up over 15% from a similar quarter the prior year. . Cost is underneath Intrinsic Value 3. Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;gt; 6% 4. Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;gt; 6% 5. Stock value breaks out of combination/plunge on an upturn. 6. Examination of P/B proportion (for Financial stocks just) 7. Organization proprietor, EPF, Khazanah and PNB vigorously purchasing Sell Criteria I Remarks Criteria 1. Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;lt; 6% for over 2 years 2. Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;lt; 6% for over 2 years 3. Quarterly EPS drop for 5 back to back months 4. Essential of business turns ugly or terrible 5. Discovered a superior chance to supplant this stock 6. The stock drops close to my normal expense or hit my stop misfortune 7. Long haul pattern changed from bullish to bearish 8. Organization proprietor, EPF, Khazanah and PNB intensely selling. 9. Did I commit an error? 10. Has the stock risen excessively far from its inherent worth? VI Remarks Discounted Cash Flows Valuation Shares Out. M. O. S. 13 Default Value Custom Value 6009. 46 11 Sustainable Growth % (for Average hazard Average Discount % Terminal % 2011 FCF Excess Cash Intangibles Intangibles% Decay Rate Extra Decay Growth (for DCF Calc. premium Risk free Assets add to DCF (Yr4E-Yr7E) (Yr8E-Yr10E) reference) rate 20% 5% 8% 5. half 3. 68% 9. 2% 2068. 66 4593. 30 86. 00 0% 8% 15% 4% 11. half 15% 20% Projection of Future Free Cash Flow 2012 Yearly Growth Future Value Discounted Perpetuity Value Present Value 2,151. 41 2013 2,237. 46 2014 2,326. 96 18,023. 58 28,024. 79 3-Y Shares Outstanding Fair Value Desired M. O. S. Purchas e Under Current Price Actual M. O. S. 4. 66 3. 73 9. 79 - 110% 5-Y 6009. 46 4. 69 20% 3. 75 9. 79 - 109% 2015 2,364. 67 2016 2,445. 07 15,233. 30 28,183. 22 10-Y 4. 70 3. 76 9. 79 - 108% 2017 2,528. 1 2018 2,614. 16 2019 2,564. 07 2020 2,633. 81 2021 2,705. 45 9,780. 64 28,239. 49 Market Timing Analysis Discounted Cash Flow Valuation Fair Value Actual M. O. S. Purchase Under Selection 3-Y 4. 66 - 110% 3. 73 5-Y 4. 69 - 109% 3. 75 10-Y 4. 70 - 108% 3. 76 ? 3-Y: Fast-developing organization; works in profoundly serious, low edge industry 5-Y: Solid organization; works with bit of leeway, for example, solid promoting channels, unmistakable brand name, or administrative bit of leeway 10-Y: Outstanding development organization; works with exceptionally high boundaries to section, predominant market position or prospects Cost to-book Ratio Valuation by Price-to-book Ratio: Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;gt; 6% CU EY%: 6. 23 R-4Q EY%: 7. 05 4. 26 60 Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;gt; 6% CU DY%: 3. 06 R-4Q DY%: 3. 58 Current Cash Return% or MRQ Cash Return% ;gt; 6% 62 CU CR%: 4% Quarterly Financial Performance MRQ CR%: 2% Increasing income Increasing net benefit Increasing EPS Jun-12’s EPS ? 15% from Jun-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 13,059 11,064 11,389 11,027 14,122 1,313 0. 22 1,074 0. 18 1,101 0. 18 876 0. 15 1,099 0. 18 - 16% The most effective method to refer to Sime Darby, Papers

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Assignment - 1925 Words

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Assignment (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderEricka E. CastilloRegent UniversityFebruary 27, 2016Hertler, S. C. (7 August 2013 ). Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Reviewing the Specificity and Sensitivity of DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria.http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/3/3/2158244013500675This document similarly shows the condition as an axiomatic Axis II resulting in distinct cognitive and behavioral patterns such as being perfectionists, miserly and stubborn among others. Hertler is a qualified psychologist and a teacher on the same at New Rochelle College.Based on this source, the major problem facing diagnosis is the lack of specificity due to the existence of several types of the same and vast population. These problems are the major barriers to clinical understanding and analysis of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder.Starcevic, V., Brakoulias, V. (2014). New diagnostic perspectives on obsessive-compulsivepersonality disorder and its link s with other conditions. Australia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins/profile/Vladan_Starcevic/publication/This document addresses obsessive-compulsive personality disorder to occur mainly in the general population, despite age and gender. The recent conceptualization of the disorder, though different from most of other researchers, is that there are specific core features and diagnostic criteria of the latter as opposed to other authors who view diagnostic features to be optional. The stand of the author is that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is related to other obsessive-compulsive disorder conditions concerning symptoms and causes. The material is well detailed and exhaustive.Garijo, P. J., VillamÃÆ' ³n, E. S., Alba, M. A., RuipÃÆ'rez, A. (2013). Personality Disorders inObsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Study versus Other Anxiety Disorders. Hindawi Publishing Corporation The ScientificWorld Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 856846, 7 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/1 0.1155/2013/856846The study reveals that obsessive-compulsive patients exhibit pathology in Axis II to a higher degree as compared to the non-obsessive-Compulsive Disorder individuals. Mostly, the exhibited Obsessive personal disorders are related to cluster C, a case similar to other anxiety disorders individuals.However, the document does not exhaust on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder personal characteristics on both normal and pathological levels. The latter would be helpful in discerning and confirm any potential link and continuity between Obsessive-Compulsive and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. On the other hand, the writersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ point of view has no conflicts with most of the approved existing knowledge.Samuel D. B., Riddell A. D. B., Lynam D. R., Miller J. D., Widiger T. A.(2012). A five-factormeasure of obsessive-compulsive personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 456-465./doi/abs/10.1080/00223891.2012.677885The source addresses one of the latest discovered obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬compulsive personality disorder traits measure, the Five-Factor Obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI), developed from the Five-factor model (FFM). The various employed scales provided linked correlations between FFM and obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬compulsive personality disorder.The latter forms an obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬compulsive symptomatology comprehensive measure. The argument and finds based on this source evidently support the geniuses of use of FFOCI to measure both FFM maladaptive variants and obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬compulsive personality characteristics.Seedat S., Stein D. J. (2002). Hoarding in obsessive-compulsive disorder and relateddisorders: A preliminary report of 15 cases. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 56, 17-23.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1440-This study focuses on phenomenology, psychopathology and demographics and how the three are related to hoarding behavior. The study sample revealed the primary ca use of hoarding as fear of losing valuable items, which was persistent among the adolescents and the adults. Among the some, some fell under DSM-IV criteria, OCPD for behavior and symptoms, putative OCD spectrum disorder while the rest portrayed zero hoarding control.The study revealed Pathological hoarding; a chronic trait often results to distress hence it is highly linked to OCPD. However, hoarding can manifest in other psychiatric conditions. I hence agree with the document that though several behavioral treatments solutions are available, that of hoarding remains a challenge.Villema...

Oppression of Women A Comparison of A Thousand Splendid Suns and Tess of the DUbervilles - Literature Essay Samples

Andrea Dworkin, claimed that, ‘Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall off the edge’, this is shown within both novels as the female characters are presented as being controlled within society. Hosseini presents the female characters Laila and Mariam as oppressed within society in A Thousand Splendid Suns, this is shown through a dual narration of Mariam and Laila to show a difference in characterization. Hosseini does this to demonstrate the juxtaposition between both characters, as Mariam is referred to a ‘harami’ within the novel which is the Farsi word for ‘bastard’, whereas Laila comes from a well-respected, educated family and is characterized by her beauty as â€Å"she was a pari, a stunner†. Hosseini illustrates the contrast between both women to show that any women will become a victim towards their husband and oppressed in Afghan society. Similarly, within Tess of the dâ⠂¬â„¢Urbervilles, Hardy also illustrates Tess as a victim but within Victorian society, as both Alec and Angel take advantage of her due to gender bias, in which Tess is considered to be a â€Å"fallen women†. Both novels show a male dominated society where women were oppressed. Hosseini demonstrates the harsh living situations in Afghanistan where status and wealth was very important within society. In a Thousand Splendid Suns, the time setting took place from the early 1960s to the early 2000s which illustrates the journey of the way women were treated, as throughout the years the treatment of women has become harsher due to the takeover of the Taliban. In England the feminist movement took place which led to change of how women were portrayed and treated within society, in which modern readers would be shocked about the way the characters Mariam and Laila were treated. Hosseini presents the Afghanistan culture within the first chapter as Mariam respects her father more than her mother and speaks highly of him as â€Å"she never felt like a harami around him†, this could suggest that her father makes her feel normal, rather than an outcast of society, however it could be argued that Mariam respected her father as it was part of the cultural to norm to respect male figures as they were considered to be dominant. Hosseini reflects the power of male dominance in the first chapter as this is the main theme within the novel, which is shown as a simile â€Å"Like a compass needle that points north, a man’s accusing finger always finds a woman†, this demonstrates the superiority of men within the Afghanistan culture, as women would always be at fault in situations even if they were victims of abuse. Afghanistan readers would be able to comprehend Mariam and Laila as victims of society as there are still some cases where women are still being oppressed by their husbands within the Afghanistan culture as it is considered to be a social norm. Whereas, Hardy presents Tess of the d’Urberville in a Victorian society during the 1800s which was before the feminist movement began, in which women were not treated equally to men. In Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Tess falls victim to Alec as he took her away her virginity. But becomes a victim of love as Angel refuses her love as she is no longer considered to be pure. Tess goes against everything she believes in as she accepts her position in society and mentions to Angel that, â€Å"you know best what my punishment should be†, this shows that Tess has now become inferior and acknowledges that she will never be an equal. It could be argued that Tess is a representation of women within Victorian society, as men would base judgement on women on the basis of their appearance. This is shown within the second chapter as Tess is illustrated to be a â€Å"handsome girl† whom has â€Å"a mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes† the description of Tess c ould represent how a Victorian woman should be as the word â€Å"peony† is a flower which symbolizes purity thus could imply that women should be pure; and is also used to foreshadow the loss of Tess’s virginity. Hardy uses a third person limited narrator in order for the readers to understand the difficulties that Tess endures. Although, it could be suggested that Hardy gives a biased approach within the narration, but he does illustrate Angel’s views and feelings to demonstrate the double standards within society. Chez Zen claims that Tess of the d’Urbervilles is , â€Å"one of the most influential and well-revived books in world literature, Tess brought Hardy great fame and honor as well as incurring harsh rebukes from conventional society†, this demonstrates the importance that society has on the oppression of women. Both Hardy and Hosseini show their female characters to be oppressed within marriage, as marriage was expected within both societies. This is shown in A Thousand Splendid Suns as Hosseini marries off Mariam and Laila at a young age to portray that young girls would be married off to older men as their purpose was to provide men with children. In Afghanistan multi marriages were common, however only men would be able to have multi marriages, as Mariam’s father had â€Å"three wives and nine children†, suggesting that women were treated unequally within society and illustrates discrimination towards women as they were unable to have multi marriages. However, it could be argued that Mariam is presented as undesirable in society, as she is constantly referred to a â€Å"harami†, but Hosseini also presents Mariam to be infertile, in which she becomes unworthy within the marriage. Therefore, Rasheed decides to marry Laila without considering Mariam’s feelings as she says, â€Å"I†¦I don’t want this†, this conveys that women were not considered equals within society. It could be interpreted that the repetition of â€Å"I† suggests hesitation which could imply that Mariam is scared, which is a common emotion that women felt towards their husbands. Laila at the age of fifteen marries Rasheed, which suggests that Rasheed whom is around â€Å"sixty or more now†, takes advantage of the situation as Laila has no family to protect her in which she has no choice but to accept the cultural norms in Afghanistan. Hosseini demonstrates the harshness in Afghanistan marriage as Mariam and Laila are physically abused by Rasheed as he, â€Å"raised the belt again and this time came at Mariam†, this suggests that the abuse was constant to both women and implies that violence towards women were common within Afghanistan marriage, in which they were unable to avoid, showing their lack of control. Hosseini shows the trea tment of women to be oppressed within society especially when the Taliban took over as women were restricted with little control. Similarly, Hardy illustrates Tess as a victim within her marriage due to a complicated relationship with Alec and Angel. It could be suggested that Hardy demonstrates Tess’s relationship, by the use of journey within the novel, this is because Tess is constantly travelling which symbolizes her journey between both Alec and Angel, both whom takes advantage of Tess due to her sexuality. Alec hurts Tess physically by taking away her virginity this is implied by the description of â€Å"practically blank as snow†, the word â€Å"practically† suggests that Tess is no longer pure. Hardy makes references of birds, which is a motif within the novel, this is because the bird could be symbolic of Tess as, â€Å"hopping of a bird finally died away†, and this reiterates that Tess is no longer innocent and pure, due to the loss of her virginity. It could be interpreted that the bird symbolizes Tess, as the bird is illustrated as no longer free, suggesting it is oppress ed. Angel causes Tess psychological pain as their relationship is based on passion in which he refuses her within the marriage. Angel and Tess’s marriage represents double standards within Victorian society, as both Tess and Angel were not pure when they married each other. This is shown when both characters confessed about their past, in which Angel refused to forgive Tess as, â€Å"forgiveness does not apply in this case†, this shows the implications that gender has within Victorian society as consequences is only applied to women. This is because, Tess is portrayed as a villain as she is no longer the pure women in which society expects her to be. It could be suggested that Tess is a representation of Victorian women whom becomes victim to the male dominated world. Hardy gives another example of women suffering the consequences of men, this is shown when Tess is blamed for Alec’s actions, â€Å"See how you’ve mastered me!†, implying that women w ere at fault if men would take advantage of them, as the word â€Å"mastered†, illustrates an element of power that women have, which is their physical appearance. However, it could be argued that Hosseini no longer presents Mariam and Laila as a victim within Afghanistan society. This is shown when Mariam, â€Å"was deciding the course of her own life†, this shows the empowerment that Mariam as she refuses to be controlled and abused by Rasheed. Hosseini illustrates Mariam taking control when she took the â€Å"shovel† and, â€Å"gave it everything she had†, this demonstrates juxtaposition of power, as Mariam now has the upper hand, in order to prevent Rasheed from having control. Although it could be suggested that the use of pathetic fallacy of â€Å"the darkness began to lift†, is used to present the death of Rasheed who represents the â€Å"darkness†, this could illustrate that Mariam and Laila will no longer be victims, however it coul d also foreshadow the punishment that Mariam shall receive. Even though, Hosseini presents Mariam as a strong, powerful woman in Afghan society based on her actions towards Rasheed, this empowerment does not last long as she is punished for her actions. This is because within the Afghanistan society if a woman kills a man then she would receive a public death sentence regardless of the situation. Although, if a man injured or killed his wife then it would be acceptable as women were considered as inferior, this is suggested as the law requires â€Å"one male witness but two female ones†, implying that a man’s word is trusted over a woman. Mariam accepts her position within society and accepts the death sentence as she â€Å"thought, she should die this way†, it could be interpreted that the death of Mariam is the only way out of a controlled society. Likewise, Hardy presents his character Tess, to take control of the situation and no longer be oppressed within V ictorian society. This is shown when Tess decides to no longer be taken advantage by Alec. This is illustrated when Tess murders Alec as, â€Å"The dead silence within was broken only by a regular beat†, this metaphor could illustrate the guilt of Tess which is suggested by â€Å"regular beat†, although it could also suggest that Tess is afraid of the punishment she would receive. The death of Alec could suggest that the only way that women were able to be empowered within Victorian society by removing the male figure from their life. However, similar to A Thousand Splendid Suns Tess is punished for her actions which was a public death sentence, this could suggest that women were dehumanized as the death of Tess was shown as a form of public entertainment. In conclusion, both Hardy and Hosseini demonstrate women being oppressed in society despite there being around a 100 years between the publications. Both novels explore similar cultural aspects where a woman should be married and pure before the marriage, as both Laila and Tess were not pure before marriage. It could be interpreted that Tess of the d’Urbervilles is a Victorian tragedy due to the treatment of woman and the way they were oppressed within society. The only way out for Tess being hurt by both Alec and Angel is death, in which Tess has accepted her fate within society. It could be argued that the Afghanistan culture subjugates women more due to the extreme laws that took place during the 20th century in comparison to the way were treated during the 19th century within Victorian society. However, both novels illustrate gender bias, as women were oppressed within society and were discriminated due to their gender. Word count: 2046 Bibliography: Wordsworth Classics Tess of the d’Urbervilles Bloomsbury A Thousand Splendid Suns www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/600/600PDF/chen.PDF http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/feminism

Imagery and Personification in Robert Frost´s Poem Mowing

Robert Frost was a poet known for his writings that depicted the rural lifestyle of New England around the turn of the century. In this sonnet, Frost brings our interpretation and understanding of the life of a farmer working his field to a much deeper level. Frost’s Mowing, without following the style of a Petrarchan or Shakespearean sonnet, employs the figurative techniques of personification and imagery in order to break down a farmer’s monologue and tell us how working the field is a good, rewarding occupation, not just manual labor. The form of Mowing plays an important part in the development of the sonnet’s meaning. It is unusual as it is neither a Petrarchan nor a Shakespearean sonnet in form. Instead, it takes on qualities from both of the styles. The sonnet divides up into an octet and a sestet like a Petrarchan sonnet is supposed to, but at the same time it drives toward the final couplet in its last two lines like a Shakespearean sonnet would. In the octet, Frost tells us about the whispering sound that the scythe is making as it cuts the grass, but associates it with subjective ideas like â€Å"the heat of the sun† and â€Å"the lack of sound† out in the field. (Line 4,5) The sestet then tells us that the whispering is about the â€Å"the fact† of labor, and how it is the reason the farmer does his work, because it is something real that he can always claim as a good contribution he has made. (Line 13) The importance of the sonnet’s last two lines gives it a ShakespeareanShow MoreRelatedPoems of Robert Frost Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost was an American poet, and playwright who became one of the leading pioneers in poetry in the late 1800’s into the 1900’s. Frost grew up in rural New England in the early twentieth century and experienced many hardships in his life including losing his father at the young age of eleven and losing two children at very young ages. He used hi s experiences of growing up in a rural area in most of his poems. Another major them in his poems are decision-making poems usually based off of his

The Effects Of Benzodiazepines And Its Effects On The Cell...

Xanax is a benzodiazepine that is most often used to treat anxiety. The effects of benzodiazepines mainly come from their ability to alter the movement of the inhibitory transmitter known as GABAa. GABA is triggered to release when it then can bind to the GABAa receptor. The binding of the two causes the ion channel to open and chloride ions are sent across the cell membrane. This causes the inhibitory factor by depolarizing the membrane (Griffin et al., 2013). Benzodiazepines are absorbed well through both per oral and parenteral administrations. However, absorption per orally is more rapid than any other route. Xanax in particular, is highly lipid soluble. Because it is highly lipid soluble, it means that it passes through the blood brain barrier more quickly. Xanax, otherwise known as alprazolam, reaches its peak in concentration in about one to two hours after administration (Griffin et al., 2013). The half-life, or the time it takes the drug to decrease by half, is about six to twenty-seven hours for adults (Griffin et al., 2013). There is a redistribution of benzodiazepines in body fat. This is a two phase process. During the first phase, there is a fast drop in the blood level as the drug is being redistributed throughout the body. During the second phase the blood level is more slow to drop than the first phase because the drug that is left in the blood is being metabolized and as that is happening it is being replaced by the drug t hat is being released from the bodyShow MoreRelatedDrugs and Society Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages1c. Describe the life cycle of a typical neurotransmitter. A cell membrane with the uptake of a particular precursor absorbs amino acids to create a neurotransmitter. The amino acids undergo synthesis with a reaction with enzymes to become a neurotransmitter. Once created, the neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles until they are released into the synapse. Once released, the neurotransmitters will attempt to attach to the membrane of neurons. If the neurotransmitter does not make it to the neuronRead MoreZopiclone Is A Drug First Developed By Rhone Poulenc Rore1452 Words   |  6 Pageschloride ion channels in the neuron cell membrane (3, page 1). By increasing the conductance of chloride ions and hyperpolarizing the neuron, the frequency of action potentials is reduced. This causes an inhibition of brain activity, causing zopiclone to have hypnotic, sedative, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects (4). Zopiclone acts much in the same way as benzodiazepines when used to treat insomnia, but was believed to have less adverse effects, and less potential for developingRead MoreEssay about Psychoactive Drugs and Their Effect on Consciousness989 Words   |  4 Pagesillicit drugs is more most frequent among males and younger people (WHO). The brain is protected by a tightly packed lining of cells called the blood-brain barrier. However, some drugs are able to pass through and influence the operation of the brain. These drugs alter consciousness by facilitating or inhibiting synaptic transmission. A synapse is a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. There are two types of synapticRead MoreOxidative stress promotion: Disturbance of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favour of the1000 Words   |  4 Pageshyperexcitation results (Coats 1990). Other mechanisms of action: Organophosphates inhibit enzyme acetylcholinesterase in nerves, neuromuscular and glandular tissues where is plays important role in cell to cell communication (Karalliedde et al. 2003). Organochlorines disrupt the sodium- potassium flow across the axon membrane and induce hyperexcitable state in central and peripheral nervous system leading to headache, dizziness, vomiting and incoordination (Agrawal and Sharma 2010). They are purported to involveRead MoreNuclear Transport And Its Effect On Breast Cancer Tumor Cells924 Words   |  4 Pages Nuclear transport is the method by which large molecules enter and exit the cell nucleus through nuclear pore complexes. Small molecules however do not require much regulation. This method of transport and translocation provides an understanding of various protein movement between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of the cell. The hundreds of nuclear transport pathways allow for the study and mechanistic view of nuclear transport’s role in the onset as well as expression of multiple diseases; breastRead MoreTerrible Tooth Case form Essay2288 Words   |  10 Pageshinting at some problems he got before the removal. His sympto ms of lightheadedness could be due to the effects of the surgery or anesthetic. Need more information to be sure. 2. Novocain blocks action potential production at the site of injection. How do you think Novocain works on the axon membrane, and how does it block the sensation of pain? Novocain serves to block receptors on nerve cells that sense pain. Therefore preventing neurotransmitter from binding to the receptors and stimulating sensoryRead MoreModern Medicine Has Been The Development Of Antibiotics12095 Words   |  9 Pagesthe treatment of bacterial infections. They demonstrate their bactericidal effects by inhibiting enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. The bacterial cell wall is an integral component that maintains the cell shape of the bacteria in a hypertonic and hostile environment8. The rigid cell wall (peptidoglycan) provides the tensile strength needed to withstand high osmotic pressures that would otherwise cause the plasma membrane to rupture9. The peptidoglycan is made of alternating N-acetylmuramic acidRead MoreSpinal Cord Injury ( Sci )1122 Words   |  5 Pageshaemodynamics (arterial pressure) of the spinal cord. Since the autoregulatory mechanism failed toxic chemical are released from damaged cells and disrupt healthy cells by causing a calcium wave throughout the injury site. This leads to the development of ischemia and the release of free radicals that can â€Å"alter cellular structure leading to necrotic or apoptotic cell death† (Sarhan et al., 2012 p 323). Oxidative stress inactivates proteins and lipid peroxidation of the mitochondrial respiratory chainRead MoreWhy Iq Tests Be Considered Biased Measures Of Intelligence3076 Words   |  13 Pagesaction potentials, the inside of the cell membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. An action potential generates local currents that tend to depolarize the membrane immediately adjacent to the action potential. When depolarization caused by local currents reaches the threshold, a new action potential is produced adjacent to the original one. Action potentials propagation occurs in one direction because the recently depolarized area of the membrane is in absolute refractory period andRead MoreThe Neurotransmitter Of A Motor Disorder1026 Words   |  5 Pagesact like different drugs such as morphine and codeine. Lastly, Glutamate which plays a very important part in the brain, the process is called long term potentiation. It mediates certain types of learning and memory. It is located on the membrane on neuronal cells. Research states that the formation of learning and memory can be increased by drugs that help glutamate activity. Sensation and perception are related in many ways but play two completely different roles. Sensation is like an early stage

The Human Rights of Life, Liberty and Property Essay

The Human Rights of Life, Liberty and Property When Jack Donnelly said Human rights are a social practice that aims to realize a particular vision of human dignity and potential by institutionalizing basic rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I immediately realized that to achieve this, the rights of life (race, religion, and gender), liberty and property are most vital. They are the most important rights in order to attain the aforementioned dignity in that they are the rights that touch our individual lives the most often and consistently. These three main rights, which make up our Human Rights Code, cover a variety of different areas dealing with human rights but are also able to fuse what really matters to human†¦show more content†¦Religion should be a human right that everyone is entitled to choose because it provides a sanctuary for people in our extremely diverse world. The last right thats important to human rights pertaining to life is that of gender. Gender is very important to human beings/rights because the world is separated into two distinct genders: male and females. If one group was to go against the other than the world would be divided unequally (leading to possible discrimination). This would not be beneficial to either males or females for the reason that neither side could ever reach a general consensus about different subjects and issues. Through this conflict, it would force both sides to stay separate and break the line of communication between the two that is necessary to developing positive lives for everyone. Human rights that deal with race, religion and gender are incredibly valuable as they help ensure that everyone is treated equally while limiting the separation, as well as preventing conflict, between different groups of people. Liberty is a major part of our Human Rights Code in that it empowers us to freedom and speech, freedom of association and freedom from arbitrary arrest and confinement.[2] Freedom of speech is a very important asset for one to possess because without it many intelligent people would never be heard. There are many people in the worldShow MoreRelatedLocke vs Mill1618 Words   |  7 PagesMankind has been fighting for Liberty and Freedom for as long as we can remember. Liberty and freedom has been a topic which has been debated for many decades. What does it mean to be free , and how far can we go to strive for freedom. These important questions have been answered and studied by two of the greatest English philosophers, John Locke and John Stuart Mill. Locke and Mill men will attempt to uncover the mysteries of Liberty and Freedom and unveil the importance of being free. This essayRead MoreEssay about Kants Principle and Environmental Ethics1599 Words   |  7 Pagesobligations r egarding the environment are to be determined solely on the basis of human interests. Our welfare depends on breathable air, drinkable water and edible food. Thus, polluting the environment to the extent that it damages the air, water and land is unacceptable because it damages public welfare. Animals and plants are considered non-rational beings and are therefore not considered in the same moral category as humans. However, Baxter does not approve of mass destruction of these objects becauseRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Social Contract Theory1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution established America s national government and fundamental laws and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens it was signed on September 17th 1787 by delegates to the Constitution convention in Philadelphia presided over by George Washington. Although other countries have changed their Constitution over years the United States Constitution has been kept the same. The Leviathan , Two Treatises, and the Declaration of Independence serve as underpinnings of the Read MoreJohn Locke And The Law Of Nature976 Words   |  4 Pages. John Locke’s notion of the Law of Nature is crucial and necessary to understand his work the ‘Second Treatise of Government’. His beliefs in limited government and individual rights are perceived throughout the entire text, but in order to understand why he believes this it is necessary to understand and analyze three elements. First one must understand what the Law of Nature is according to John Locke and why it is an essential element towards all individuals. Second one must understand how theRead MoreState of Nature and Social Contract1323 Words   |  5 Pagesway to live one’s life. According to classical liberalism the government should not promote morality, rather to only protect people’s rights to pursue their desires. They both believed that man was born free and equal, and has the right to choose who governs them. Hobbes believed in a minimalist government that promotes the rights of individuals to life and freedom of movements, while Locke also believes in an even more limited government that promotes life liberty and property. Lock and HobbesRead MorePolitical and Economic Liberalism1666 Words   |  7 Pagesof society. Economic liberalism supports the individual rights of personal property and independence of agreement, without which, the implementation of other freedoms is not possible. Economic liberals believe in laissez-faire in which private proposals and production are preeminent, if economic interventionism and taxation by the state beyond what is necessary to maintain individual liberty, peace, security, and property rights, are kept to a bare minimum. It is the idea that the value ofRead MoreEnlightenment : The Age Of Enlightenment And The Enlightenment782 Words   |  4 PagesIndependence, Constitution Bill of rights and The Federalist Papers were all influenced by important enlightenment ideas of freedom, unavailable rights, and government. Declaration of Independence ideas such as life liberty and property, unavailable rights and inequality were all inspired by John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and, Rousseau ideas.   Thomas Jefferson (writer of the Declaration of Independence) was directly influenced by locke when he wrote, â€Å"When in the Course of human events it becomes necessaryRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence960 Words   |  4 Pagesexpressed ideals stating that men are created equal and that all men have basic human rights given to them by God. The purpose of a government, according to the Founding Fathers, was to protect the basic human rights which Jefferson listed as â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† However, the deplorable institution of slavery prospered after America gained its independence. African Americans were denied natural rights and were not treated equally. Essentially, the Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreThe Christian Liberty Party Is A Minor Conservative Political Party1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe Christian Liberty Party is a minor conservative political party in the U.S., which used to be known as the American Heritage Party (Eby). The name Christian Liberty Party The name expresses an idea, a principle for our times, that points to Christ as the source of Liberty for both men and nations (Eby). The Christian Liberty Party formed to provide an explicitly Christian perspective on politics (Eby). They help equip Christians as Statesmen, mobilize Christian Citizens, and Advance ChristianRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Lockes Leviathan1309 Words   |  6 PagesSeveral writers in 17th century England published incredibly influential works on political philosophy. These pieces detailed the nature of humans and consequently explained the best method of governing them. Published in 1651, Thomas Hobbes’s controversial Leviathan details a rather dystopian view of humanity’s natural state and advocates for an absolutist government. Nearly 40 years later, John Locke published The Second Treatise of Govern ment, detailing his own views, many of which sharply contrast

Geography Topics - 3206 Words

Question# 1 The geocentric view of the universe was long since developed in ancient Greece by an astronomer named Claudius Ptolemy (AD 90- 168). Ptolemy believed that the sun, stars and other planets revolved around the earth. The idea of â€Å"Geocentric† means everything revolves around Earth. It wasn’t long until Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), an astronomer from Poland came up with a new theory that the solar system actually revolved around the sun. He invented the idea of a solar system. Revolutions (1543) was Copernicus’ final work explaining the heliocentric view of the universe. â€Å"The trouble was that nothing he could say or do made people feel they were living on a moving, spinning planet† (Gingerich amp; MacLachlan, 2005, p.†¦show more content†¦1) It took a long time to convince people that geocentric views were a thing of the past, because people chose to live in the past. They didn’t want open there minds to the developments of science. They ridiculed those that had beautiful minds to make the wonderful discoveries now known to our universe. References Albert Einstein: Theories, Facts, IQ and Quotes | Space.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.space.com/15524-albert-einstein.html Difference Between Geocentric and Heliocentric. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.universetoday.com/36487/difference-between-geocentric-and-heliocentric/ Einsteins Theory of General Relativity: A Simplified Explanation | Space.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.space.com/17661-theory-general-relativity.html Famous Astronomers | List of Great Scientists in Astronomy | Space.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.space.com/16095-famous-astronomers.html Galileo Galilei: Biography, Inventions amp; Other Facts | Space.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.space.com/15589-galileo-galilei.html Gingerich, O., amp; MacLachlan, J. H. (2005). Nicolaus Copernicus: Making the Earth a planet. New York: Oxford University Press. Johannes Kepler Biography | Kepler’s Laws amp; Other Facts | Space.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.space.com/15787-johannes-kepler.html Johannes Kepler Facts, Quotes, Laws ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Geography?1066 Words   |  4 Pages What is geography to you? Well geography is the study of physical features of the earth and its atmospheres of human activity as it affects and is affected by this distribution of populations and resources.as well as land use and industries. Geography has do with many things such as history ,culture and society .the Japanese history, it has to do with feminist science it goes back further than all this . My topic about geography I have chosen to write about Mr. Christopher Columbus. ChristopherRead MoreComparative Article On Slavery During The Monument Of Commemorating Africa Slavery From A Politics Perspective938 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Article Paper Slavery is a contentious topic for scholars. Authors of both two articles discussed in this paper focus on different issues related to slavery, while they get access to issues on slavery from various perspectives. On the one hand, Alderman examines the inscription in the monument of commemorating Africa slavery from a politics perspective. On the other hand, Lambert discusses the development of Atlantic slavery in the historical geographic areas. In this paper, I aim toRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Modern Geography1175 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Schafer Dr. Michael Pretes GE 300W 10/11/2016 Jefferson and Modern Geography Geography is such a holistic discipline that it requires much concentration and focus on its subject matter. A geographer must focus on a specific topic that interests him or her and devote their brain power to discovering how the area of interest is influenced by its geographic environment through a spatial perspective. Thomas Jefferson is one such individual who committed throughout his life to view theRead MoreForeign Investment Into The London Property Market1421 Words   |  6 Pagespercentage increase from the twelve months prior to December 2014. With such levels of growth, it is easy to conceptualise London’s attractiveness to investors, particularly that of foreign origin from less stable countries. Broadly focused on economic geography, my thesis will be an original piece of research into the relatively recent and under-studied foreign investment into the London property market. This would include property in all its variety of character, purpose and location in London and theRead MoreEssay on HISTORY1490 Words   |  6 Pagesrains to get a generous crop yield. 3. Define the following terms: (5 points total) Culture: The ways, traditions, morals etc. of life that people of a specific group share usually with common or similar languages, styles and themes. Geography: They study of physical Earth and the atmosphere na how this affects humans nad vice versa which includes climate, environment, population etc. 4a. Describe where the Industrial Revolution began and how it spread. (5 points) The industrialRead MoreFour Traditions of Geography Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesFour Tradition of Geography The Four Traditions of Geography has many different assumptions and aspects of geography; aspects ranging from basic mapping and geometry, to the impact on nature of humans and the processes of the earth itself. Geographers can study and explain their research by selecting a certain tradition that leads to many different fields of geography. â€Å"There are four traditions whose identification provides an alternative to the competing monistic definitions that haveRead MoreEssay On Climate Once Again760 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment have now significantly altered the Earth to the extent that the environment is once again changing the way humans live. Conclusions The unique causation-disposed relationship between environmental determinism and human activity is a resurfacing topic to be considered today as millions around the world will be affected. In regarding the deterministic nature of the environment and how humans alter it, future mitigation methods emerge to avoid disaster. While some societies may be predisposed forRead MoreGeography And The World Of Geography1221 Words   |  5 Pageslearn about topics such as globalization, political geography, or industries and services. I was surprised at what all we learned in such a short period of time. I gained a new prospective and information about the world around me. Throughout the semester, my understanding and knowledge about geography has drastically changed from before this course. This course has made me think about topics and things that I have never reflected upon. I have had this standard premonition of geography as just placesRead MoreDifference Between Humanistic Geography and Po sitivistic Approach1000 Words   |  4 PagesDifference Between Humanistic Geography and Positivistic Approach There are definite differences between positivism and humanistic methods that geographers use. Positivism, which has it’s roots in quantitative theories, excludes the human element and includes such fundamentals as cumulative data. Humanistic geography has it’s roots in qualitative procedures and focuses on the combination of research with the people. Positivism is a rigorous and formal way to collect and analyze data that was developedRead MoreGraduation Speech : 3 Idiots, And Its States Do Not Chase Success848 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors, including a natural curiosity about these topics, an ability to grasp information easily, and my drive to work hard in all of these areas. Ever since I was little, I have always been curious about our world and why it is the way it is. Initially, this curiosity was manifested in the form of social studies, especially history and geography. History allowed me to see the progression of events that led to our current global situation, while geography allowed me to learn about the earth’s physical

Electronic Gadgets free essay sample

Nowadays, we can easily get a mobile phone at a cheap and affordable price. Having a cellphone will ease the user to communicate and the Ministry of Education is considering to allow students to bring their electronics gadgets to school. As a discipline teacher from SMAPK , I think that there are pros and cons in order to allow this new rule in the school. Firstly, having a cellphone will ease the communication between the teachers and the students. If the teacher is absent, the students can easily ask other teachers to teach them during the free period Thus the students will make full use of their time with lessons instead of wasting time. In addition, using electronic gadgets such as i-pad, smart phone or android phone can increase the students knowledge about ICT. The students can learn from e-book , the internet or educational softwares . There are a lot of educational sources from the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Gadgets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, teachers can variate their teaching by using the gadgets too in order to expose the students about technology. For instance, teacher can introduce Geometers Sketch Pad while teaching Mathematics for the Transformations to the students. Instead of using graph paper, students can use this software to learn this topic. Apart from that, using electronic gadgets at school will reduce the usage of paper . School uses hundred stacks of paper every year for the students work sheet. This will harm the environment. Therefore, using laptop and i-pad can overcome this problem and be more environmental friendly. However, approving this rule may be dangerous as well as it may increase the percentage of juvenile crimes in school. Beating the juniors just to get their i-phone, stealing friends laptop and torturing the students in order to obtain their gadgets may happen because todays youngsters can be out of  controlled if they are not trained with disciplines. These cases will burden me as the schools discipline teacher. Handling the youngsters are not as easy as ABC but it requires tons of patience. In a nutshell , I personally disagree with the new rule as it may cause a lot of juvenile cases in the future among the students. Even though there are some advantages in bringing electronics gadgets to school, the cons are even contagious. Therefore, as prevention is better then cure, the Ministry of Education should reconsider of approving this rule.

”What You Pawn I Will Redeem” by Sherman Alexie Essay Sample free essay sample

In Sherman Alexie’s â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Deliver. † the supporter exemplifies how to be a professional homeless con creative person. and reveals how to utilize an existent stolen household artefact to feed on the human capacity for compassion. It’s a narrative in which our supporter with the same first and last name. Jackson Jackson. lurchs across a attire made by his grandma in a local pawnbrokers shop. said to be stolen some 50 old ages before. and his journey to raise the money to purchase it back. Jackson Jackson is an alcoholic. Washington State Native American Indian. who has spent the last six old ages of his life honing his accomplishments of use in Seattle. He refers to himself as being an â€Å"effective homeless adult male. † ( 486:3 ) if there is such a thing. It is his sterling achievement and the lone thing he happens to be good at. between failing out of college. We will write a custom essay sample on †What You Pawn I Will Redeem† by Sherman Alexie Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page neglecting at legion matrimonies and being a non-existent male parent to several kids. Jackson moved to Seattle 23 old ages before Alexie’s narrative takes topographic point to go to college. Assuming he is an norm 18 twelvemonth old fresher. that would set his current age at approximately 40. old adequate to do sense out of and apologize existent life events. contrasting with the sum of immatureness displayed on a consistent footing throughout the piece. He strays off from big behaviour on an hourly footing. most likely a contemplation of the unworried life he’s been populating on the streets. He foremost accepts an impossible challenge to get nine hundred and 99 dollars in 24 hours to purchase the stolen attire back. The action apparently inspires hope in the reader that he has belief in himself to do the unrealistic possibility of obtaining so much money probable. He so refers to the three bottles of intoxicant he purchases after go forthing the pawnbrokers shop as â€Å"imagination† ( 488:48 ) . says that he doesn’t want to name the constabulary because â€Å"It’s a pursuit now† ( 489:73 ) and that he â€Å"want [ s ] to be a hero†¦like a knight† ( 495:278 ) . These are the capricious phantasies of a kid. non of a full-blown grownup. â€Å"We Indians are great narrators and prevaricators and mythmakers. † ( 486:4 ) says Jackson at the start of the narrative. He goes on to turn out this statement by taking us on a journey over the following 24 hours in which he uses the narrative of his family’s bad luck to raise commiseration from those around him. Upon hearing the narrative every character does something nice for Jackson in an attempt to ea se his predicament. After he ab initio tells his narrative to the pawnbroker. he receives a slightly unrealistic. yet solid trade. Raise nine 100 99 dollars in 24 hours and the regalia is his. The store proprietor even gives him 20 dollars of his ain money to acquire him started. The â€Å"Big Boss† from the Real Change organisation hears the narrative and does him a favour ; he gives Jackson 50 documents free of charge. in hopes he can raise a small excess money at none of the startup cost of purchasing the documents from him foremost. Officer Williams. a kindhearted bull. listens intently to Jackson’s narrative so hands him all of the money in his billfold: 30 dollars. Geting the regalia back has more to make with comfort than heritage. It is evident early on that Jackson doesn’t like being entirely. Having failed in most every major enterprise. he looks for things to make full the hole that has been made by a series of hapless events that have become his life. Twice in a three and a half hr clip period Jackson goes wholly bust. but each clip he makes money he ever spends it on comfort. He starts the narrative with a set of friends: Rose of Sharon and Junior. â€Å"We affair to each other if we don’t affair to anybody else. â₠¬  ( 486:5 ) he says. He uses the first 25 dollars he acquires to purchase intoxicant to imbibe with his two friends. He wins one hundred dollars on a lottery ticket and gives off 20 to a immature shop clerk that he enjoys chat uping with. Sharon of Rose and Junior disappear. so â€Å"lonesome for Indians† ( 491:145 ) he spends the staying 80 vaulting horses on purchasing shootings for aliens in a downtown all-Indian saloon. He spends most of the 30 dollars Officer Williams gives him on a munificent eating house breakfast for himself and three Aleut Indians that he met at the pier the twenty-four hours before. something he can non afford. but does anyhow. Out of the one hundred-sixty dollars Jackson Jackson raises. one hundred and three dollars and 50 cents is spent on intoxicant. the ultimate friend to a alone alky. The more things alteration. the more things remain the same. The money flow in Alexie’s narrative serves as a contemplation of Jackson himself. He goes through alterations. but merely as the sum of money he has at the beginning of the narrative. four hours in. and at the terminal remains the same†¦so does he. Plants Cited: Alexie. Sherman. â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Deliver. †Literature: Fiction: An Anthology of Stories for Further Reading. Eds Nicholas Delbanco and Allan Cheuse. New York: McGraw Hill. 2010. Print.

Left-53506100 BKK 20503 Essays - Journalism, News Media, Mass Media

left-53506100 BKK 20503 MEDIA, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Comparing and contrasting a "hard news" article of an event in a foreign country with the same report from local newspaper. PREPARED FOR: MADAM NOR HAFIZAH ABDULLAH BY: NUR WAIRA BINTI MOHD NASIR (040910) 1.0 What is the event / occurrence? The report covers about an explosion near a chaotic sidewalk in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City at 8.30 p.m. on Saturday night that caused injuries of at least 29 people. It was believed by the authorities that the explosion was erupted by a homemade bomb which they later assumed it as an act of terror. However, the governor said that no international links found in the explosion. To make it worse, the authorities then found a second explosive device a few blocks away from where the earlier location of explosion occurred. After an investigation was carried out, they found that the second explosion device was actually a pressure cooker attached to wiring and a cellphone. Indeed, it was a tragic night for the New Yorkers and became more to a nightmare for them because of the history of 9/11 attacks CITATION CHR \l 1033 (M. Christopher, 2016) . 2.0 Why is the event considered "hard news"? How is this event considered as hard news? Basic knowledge of this is, news stories are divided into two types which are hard news and soft news. Hard news is regarded as breaking news or current news which the printing is exclusively reported for the readers to acknowledge it immediately. S oft news in the other hand are just the featured ones such as arts, entertainment and lifestyles CITATION Int08 \l 1033 (n.a, Introduction to Journalism, 2008) . One of the characteristics of hard news is that it usually but not compulsory to be appeared on the front page of newspapers . In this case, the event was being highlighted on the cover page, reported in two pages. On the front page, the event was put in a title of "9/17 shakes New York" with a picture included at the side of a very brief information regarding the event. Though it is said that hard news does not necessarily to be appeared on the front page, but it gives a ver y concrete reason why the "9/17 shakes New York" is considered as hard news. Besides being featured on the front page, hard news contain more factual approach in its presentation. If we carefully scrutinize the lede p aragraph of the news, it actually answers the 5W and 1H questions which stand for who', what', where', when', why' and how'. For instance, the lede paragraph of the news answered those questions in just a paragraph; "An explosion rocked a crowded Manhattan neighborhood and injured 29 people, and a suspicious device discovered blocks away was safely removed ". Hard news is commonly being ranked on the top of the list to be printed in the newsroom if the subject matters are like politics, war, economic and crime. In this explosion tragedy, it falls under the subject matters like politics, war and crime. Such news of the subject matters are very crucial to be reported to the society, nation and the world so that everyone will be more careful and take precautions to avoid any scenes. People need to know what is truly going on out there. 3.0 What are wire / news services? Who supplied the information to the Malaysian newspaper? Wire services are widely used in every news agency. Wire services are defined as news organizations that collect a nd issue news of forms from around the world. Wire services are benefit newspapers, magazines, broadcast outlet and government agencies at the wholsesale level CITATION YeJ03 \l 1033 (Ye, 2003) . In this article, the wire services that supplied the information to Malaysia newspapers are; Reuters, Associated Press (AP) and European Pressphoto Agency (EPA). Reuters provided a photo of the firefighters working near the site of the explosion in Chelsea. The European Pressphoto Agency also provided a photo showing the police investigators sifting through the debris on the street in front of St Vincent de Paul Church where the explosion occurred in the borough of

African History Essay Topics - Taking The Subject More Seriously

African History Essay Topics - Taking The Subject More SeriouslyAfrican history is full of struggles and moments of triumphant achievement, a vital topic for your African history essay is how the region has experienced these steps in the development of its societies. Like any other aspect of human development, there is no single model that describes all these changes, just as there is no single model that can adequately capture the essence of Africa's social development.In fact, our look at African history shows that the continent's societies evolved in ways that mirror the varied societies of the world. The mere fact that some African societies have advanced societies today while others are quite backward does not mean that Africa has any more of a responsibility to make people in the West understand its history and aspirations.Your African history essay must reflect your understanding of both Africa's progress and decline. To make it more interesting, include observations on the at titudes and behavior of Africans toward Africans as well as Americans, British, and Europeans. Finally, include observations on both African and European societies from a comparative perspective, covering various aspects of these societies, like those that develop their countries, develop their economies, or focus on education, health care, and the environment.Also include some history of African colonies. Today, Africa is a continent of many developing countries and it is also one that is quite a sought after destination for immigrants. Some of the countries that you will address include Ghana, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda, and South Africa. What this means is that you will be writing about the differences between African countries and our society at large.As you do this, you will gain a unique perspective of the challenges that these countries have had to deal with in a variety of different ways. It also helps if you use African li terature to enrich your ideas, or better yet, read it so that you will gain an appreciation for the contributions made by Africans in all fields of culture and society.While the society of African immigrants is very different from that of the natives, you should still write about your society's social progress and decline from a comparative perspective. Try to incorporate some common patterns and themes that link these two sides. Examples of these themes are slavery, displacement, colonialism, migration, xenophobia, and discrimination.African history essay topics require a thorough and detailed look at any aspect of the society. The most important thing to remember is that there is no single model of social development that you can use to interpret your country's history. This makes them very difficult and time consuming topics for any student of history.And even though writing about Africa's past is rather laborious, essay topics like these are still much easier to learn and work w ith than other kinds of historical writing. If you plan to write about such topics, then just make sure that you don't try to overdo it or take it too seriously. Instead, include some jokes or stories about your native land in the context of an academic essay, and you will find that you can actually take African history essay topics more seriously than other kinds of student essays.

Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Example

Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Example Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Essay Topic: The Breadwinner The Metamorphosis Gregor Sams in Metamorphosis Unit 1 Question 1 In the book The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). However, he hates the traveling and the constant anxiety added to the fact that he cannot make more than just acquaintances. The job requires Gregor to get up early but he dislikes the idea. To make the situation worse, his manager appears to be very cruel in his leadership and Gregor would have wanted to quit the job were it not for him supporting his parents. Question 2 Gregor is the breadwinner in his family since he has to provide for his parents and sister, Grete, with the returns he gets from his job as a commercial traveler. His father is demeaning and demanding despite the fact that he is engulfed in business debts and bankruptcy. Gregor’s father is highly indebted to his manager and this situation forces Gregor to commit to his work. Therefore, Gregor is obliged to maintain his career even though he does not like it at all. After his metamorphosis into an insect, Gregor ceases to be of importance since he can barely control of his body and he loses his job. His father drives him away to his room by using a stick and this shows a reversed role where Gregor is lowly regarded by his father yet before his metamorphosis, the father depended on his efforts at work. Question 4 After the transformation, Gregor is more worried about being late for work than he is about himself. This character trait shows that he lacks inspiration and anything to look forward to in life. He is not enthusiastic with other aspects of life because he has a low self-esteem and sees himself as nothing more than his family’s breadwinner. He detests his job and feels that the colleagues are often gossiping about him thus, the grotesque image he gets after the transformation is a vivid impression of his inner soul. Gregor is not self-conscious and he has already adapted to the boring routine life. Question 5 When Gregor’s parents first see the gigantic insect, they do not recognize it as their son. Gregor’s father pushes him away back to his room with a stick. He might have been astonished since he clenches and starts crying but disgusted with the sight of the insect. The mother faints when she sees Gregor crawling because she is also astonished and is in disbelief of the occurrence. Their initial reactions suggest that they view Gregor as an insignificant creature, which is scary and no longer useful to them Unit 2 Question 1 The things that have changed in Gregor’s life are his physical appearance, his eating habits and his role in the family. Physically, Gregor has become a typical insect depicted by feelers, numerous thin legs, a hard back, and a segmented belly (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). His voice also changes and it becomes unclear since he cannot be heard by neither the manager nor the rest of his family when he responds to them while locked in his room. Instead of milk, he can only eat rotten food scraps. He ceases to be the family’s breadwinner since he loses his job because of his condition and instead of people looking up to him as before, they are disgusted by his sight. However, Gregor’s perception of himself and perspective of life remain the same. Before the metamorphosis, Gregor’s life is plain and boring with lack of inspiration and he accepts his new physical condition despite its ugliness. He still feels devastated that his family has financial constraints instea d of worrying about himself. Question 2 From Gregor’s point of view, the positive aspects of his metamorphosis into an insect are that he ceases to work in the dreadful field characterized by the cruelty of his boss and that he no longer has the heavy responsibility of providing for his family. He enjoys the freedom of crawling around on the ground and on walls without the thought of waking up early everyday to go to work. Although the conditions for the metamorphosis are tough, for the first time Gregor is able to relax. His sister Grete gives him feeds him and cleans his room but stops being compassionate towards the end of the story. The transformation, in disguise, made his life simpler than it was earlier. Question 3 The first section of the story before Gregor’s metamorphosis, it is apparent that his life is miserable throughout the narration. His days are boring since he has to follow a certain routine of worrying about travels and train connections. In addition, Gregor feels like the acquaintances he meets on his way are nothing more than that and the food he eats on his journey is not enjoyable (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). His boss is very insensitive at work and Gregor loses morale. He ends up in frustration and desperation because he is dissatisfied with the disparities of life. His life lacks zeal because he is always on the move and has inadequate interaction with people hence, no social ties. Question 4 Gregor’s father reveals the existence of enough money to cater for their needs for a short while. Gregor learns that his father had accumulated some savings five years before his business failed. He also finds out that some of his earnings had been put away by his family without his knowledge. When Gregor learns the truth about the family’s finances, he feels proud to have contributed to their wellbeing since not all the money he gave his parents was spent. He feels embarrassed upon hearing the discussion of the parents suggesting employment to avoid spending the savings because the father and mother seem incapable of being employed. He looks for something to preserve as soon as he moves beneath the sofa after the mother and sister have moved much of the furniture. Unit 3 Question 1 Three boarders come to live with the Samsas and they occupy the living room. These characters are significant in the story because they reveal the efforts of the family in trying to make a living amidst the financial struggles. The boarders live with the Samsas on condition that they pay the rent. This shows how the parents ventured into other means of making a living despite Gregor’s irreversible condition that brought his job to a halt. By being disgusted at the sight of Gregor in the form of an insect, they show the value of cleanliness and neatness in the environment. From their point of view, insects thrive in dirty places and since they reacted negatively to Gregor’s appearance, they communicate the importance of cleanliness. Furthermore, Kafka (2002) might have desired to incorporate the different themes such as selfishness and greed to show how they were conformed to indifference. He might have not specified them according to names because they all fell in the same category. All three represent similar traits and themes. Question 2 Gregor is wounded because his father threw apples at him and one fell squarely on his back and it became permanently lodged. Gregor felt immense pain and it altered his movement. His father reacted in that manner because he found the mother unconscious and thought Gregor tried to attack her. The incident symbolizes how his family undermines him and how his life before the metamorphosis was difficult within his environment. One apple after another hit his back and finally destroys his wellbeing. This might symbolize how his routine work depressed him continuously before he transformed into an insect. His injury is a reflection of the miseries he had in his human life. Question 3 When his sister, Grete plays the Violin, Gregor is interested and he attempts to move to the parlor where she is. He is elated by her talent and wishes to be alone with her in his bedroom so that he can unveil his plan to her. The sister plays the violin in the parlor to entertain the boarders but sadly, they lose interest. His plan is sending her to music school where she can nurture and express more of her talent. This response shows that Gregor is compassionate and devoted he is by wanting the best for every member of her family. He is dedicated to the responsibilities he has and intends to be a caring and loving brother (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). Question 4 Gregor’s sister, Grete is the first to decide that she must ‘get rid’ of the insect. As she plays the violin who eventually become disinterested, Gregor crawls to the parlor to listen when one of the boarders spot him and reacts disgustedly. They threaten the Gregor’s father by saying they will leave and not pay rent but he moves them out of the parlor. Given the difficult financial situation the family is in because Gregor can no longer work, losing in come in the form of rent proves to be a great disappointment. Therefore, Grete suggests that they should assume the insect is not Gregor and get rid of it. According to Grete, Gregor is the reason to their suffering. When Gregor overhears the conversation and feels awful because he has become a liability to the household. His life appears to be meaningless to him since he believes he brought suffering to their lives with his transformation. He finally dies by morning. Unit 4 Question 1 According to Whitlark (2012), in the story, the characters that undergo change include Gregor, his parents and his sister. Gregor’s transformation is obvious in the beginning since he physically changes into a giant insect. He no longer has his human body, which would allow him to run his daily errands normally. His life also changes from being the family’s breadwinner to becoming the family’s dependant. Prior to his metamorphosis, he provided for his family with the payment he received from work. He has become worthless and a nuisance to the point that his family plans to get rid of him because they believe he is the reason for their suffering. His parents are also transformed into productive people when they realize that Gregor can no longer provide for them because of his status. They begin discussing about chances of employment as the father is a bank attendant and the mother sews lingerie for a boutique. The family also sells jewelry to create income and th is shows how hardworking they have become. On the other hand, Grete’s personality changes towards the end when she wishes to get rid of the brother. She stops having sympathy for Gregor as before when she cared for him, fed him and cleaned his room. She stops seeing the humane part of Gregor. Question 2 The narrator strongly implies that Gregor starves himself to death. Other forces that might have led to Gregor’s death are guilt and rejection. Gregor feels guilty that he cannot provide for his family anymore when he listens to the discussion on their financial situation for the first time. He feels that he has become a burden to them because he cannot do anything constructive or contribute to their welfare. He wishes that he could do more as shown by his intention for his sister’s future with her talent of playing the violin. The fact that he is an insect has led people around him to undermine him and treat him cruelly. His father chases him away to his room with a stick and goes further to dent his back by strongly throwing apples towards him. His mother, the boarders and his manager are horrified by his presence. He sees no sense worth living and therefore loses hope. This situation is made worse when he realizes the family wants to get rid of him. Question 3 When Gregor transforms into an insect, his family stop viewing him as a man of importance because he no longer can help them financially. In addition, he has become a burden to them because he needs to be fed and he scares potential customers and people away. On the other hand, the family is pushed to be hardworking and productive because they realize that they have to meet their needs despite their financial struggles. They indulge in businesses such as selling jewelry and the father becomes a bank attendant. The father also reveals some savings that could salvage them. They become more informed although inconsiderate of Gregor’s well being. This effect suggests that the relationship between Gregor was only bound by financial providence (Whitlark, 2012). He lacked an intimate relationship with them Question 4 Gregor’s metamorphosis is symbolic because when he transforms into an insect, we can understand all the difficulties he persevered while in his human form. His grotesque appearance scares people away therefore; he cannot have an intimate relationship with them. Before his transformation, he complained about his acquaintances being distant. He did not have a chance to know them better. Gregor became lonely and might have yearned to know the meaning of his existence (Whitlark, 2012). As an insect, he is secluded from the rest as he spends time in his room. Another aspect of symbolism is evident when the father hits him with apples inconsiderately thinking that he attacked the mother. Kafka may have wanted to show how Gregor’s boss mistreated him in his job. As an insect, his father is in charge of him and sees him everyday while the case was the same with his boos back at work before he was an insect. Both have authority over him in the different environments. References Kafka, F., Kiesel, H. (2002). Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and other writings. New York: Continuum. Whitlark, J. (2012). The metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press.

Behaviorism, Its Origin, Purpose and Main Definitions.

Behaviorism, Its Origin, Purpose and Main Definitions. Behaviorism For as long as history can date back, humans have always had a certain interest in what makes up an individual; who they are, and what aspects of there being, have set them apart from others within there species. As behaviorist see it, these questions are answered by nothing more than the world in which you were brought up in. Behaviorism, focuses on variables we can observe, measure, manipulate; and avoid whatever is subjective, internal, and unavailable i.e. mental (1998, C. George Boeree). Behaviorism is a very old theory of personality. One of the oldest theories dates back to Rene Descartes. He introduced the idea of substance dualism, and called the person a machine dependent on external events whose soul was the ghost in the machine (substance dualism). Meaning that what is mental, and things that are physical are completely separate. Modern behaviorism however changes this theory in refusing to acknowledge any internal workings of the mind. Behaviorist believe that, persons are nothing more than mediators between behavior and environment (Skinner, 1993). Because the inner workings or the human mind are ignored, opponents to the theory make a strong case against it. Behaviorism is unable to explain human language, and memory. Although these criticisms indicate a failure in this theory. It isnt denied that behaviorism can teach the world a lot about human behaviors. Behaviorism as it is known today was founded on the ideas of John B. Watson. Watson claimed that behavior should be examined, rather than describe how the mind was working. He contended that it was possible to condition humans and animals. In his famous study, Watson conditioned a young child named Albert to fear a white rat. He did so by creating a loud noise whenever Albert touched the rat. Frightened by the loud noise, the child associated the rat to this feeling, and feared the rat the same way he feared the noise. Watsons work was backed by the most noted behaviorist B.F. Skinner. Skinners entire system is based on operant conditioning. The organism is in the process of operating on the environment (Skinner, 1993). While operating, the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer. This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the behavior occurring just before the reinforcer. Operant conditioning is: the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of the consequence modifies the organisms tendency to repeat the behavior in the future (Behaviorism, 1997). Skinner ran experiments to prove this by placing a rat in a cage called a Skinner Box. His cage would have a bar or pedal on one wall that, when pressed, causes a little mechanism to release a foot pellet. The rat would then bounce around the cage, doing whatever it is rats do, when he accidentally presses the bar, a food pellet falls out. The operant is the behavior just prior to the reinforcer, which is the food pellet. In no time at all, the rat is furiously peddling away at the bar. A behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occurring in the future (Stacy Breslau, 2003 ). What if you dont give the rat any more pellets? After a few attempts, the rat will stop pressing the bar. This is called extinction of the operant behavior. A behavior no longer followed by the reinforcing stimulus results in a decreased probability of that behavior occurring in the future. (Stacy Breslau, 2003 ) Now, if you were to turn the pellet machine back on, so that pressing the bar again provides the rat with pellets, the behavior of bar-pushing will pop right back into existence, much more quickly than it took for the rat to learn the behavior the first time. This is because the return of the reinforcer takes place in the context of a reinforcement history that goes all the way back to the very first time the rat w as reinforced for pushing on the bar. A question Skinner had to deal with was how we get to more complex sorts of behaviors. He responded with the idea of shaping, or the method of successive approximations. Basically, it involves first reinforcing a behavior only vaguely similar to the one desired. Once that is established, you look out for variations that come a little closer to what you want, and so on, until you have an animal performing a behavior that would never show up in ordinary life. Skinner and his students have been quite successful in teaching simple animals to do some extraordinary things. Beyond fairly simple examples, shaping also accounts for the most complex of behaviors. You dont, for example, become a brain surgeon by stumbling into an operating room, cutting open someones head, removing a tumor, and receive a reward. Instead, you are gently shaped by your environment to enjoy certain things, do well in school, take a certain class, see a movie, and so on. This could be something your parents were carefully doing to you, but much more likely, this is something that was more or less uni ntentional. Another type of reinforcement is aversive stimulus. It is the opposite of a reinforcing stimulus, something unpleasant or painful. A behavior followed by an aversive stimulus results in a decreased probability of the behavior occurring in the future (Stacy Breslau, 2003 ). This both defines an aversive stimulus and describes the form of conditioning known as punishment. If you shock a rat for doing something, it wont do what ever it is it got shocked for. If you spank Johnny for throwing his toys he will throw his toys less and less (maybe). If you remove an already active aversive stimulus after a rat or Johnny performs a certain behavior, you are doing negative reinforcement. If you turn off the electricity when the rat stands on his hind legs, hell stand a lot more. Notice how difficult it can be to distinguish some forms of negative reinforcement from positive reinforcement. If I starve you, is the food I give you when you do what I want a positive? Or is it the removal of a negative, the aversive stimulus of hunger? (1998, C. George Boeree) Skinner doesnt approve of the use of aversive stimuli, because they dont work well. Earlier I said that Johnny will maybe stop throwing his toys? Thats because whatever was reinforcing the bad behaviors hasnt been removed. This hidden reinforcer has just been hidden with an aversive stimulus. So, sometimes the child will behave, but it still feels good to throw those toys. All this boils down to a theory of personality that says that ones environment causes ones behavior. A man named Albert Bandura found this a bit too simplistic for the phenomena he was observing, aggression in adolescents, and decided to add a little to it, environment causes behavior, but behavior causes environment as well(Bandura, 2000). He labeled this concept reciprocal determinism. He then went a step further. Bandura began to look at personality as an interaction among three things the environment, behavior, and the persons psychological processes. Adding imagery and language to the mix allows Bandura to theorize much more effectively than someone like, B. F. Skinner, about two things that many people would consider the humans strong point, observational learning or modeling, and self-regulation. Of the hundreds of studies Bandura was responsible for, one group stands out above the others. The bobo doll studies. Bandura made of film of one of his students, a young woman, beating up a bobo doll. In case you dont know, a bobo doll is an inflatable, balloon creature with a weight in the bottom that makes it bob back up when you knock him down. The woman punched the clown, shouting sockeroo! She kicked it, sat on it, hit with a little hammer, and so on, shouting aggressive phrases. Bandura then showed his film to groups of kindergartners. The children then were let out to play. In the play room, were several observers with pens and clipboards, a bobo doll, and a few little hammers. The observers recorded: A lot of little kids beating on the bobo doll. They punched it and shouted sockeroo, kicked it, sat on it, hit it with the little hammers, and so on. In other words, they imitated the young lady in the film. This might seem like a worthless experiment at first, but the children changed their behavior without first being rewarded for that behavior. While that may not seem extraordinary to the average person, it didnt work well with standard behaviorist learning theories. He called the phenomenon observational learning or modeling, and Banduras theory is usually called the social learning theory. Bandura did a large number of variations in his study. All these variations allowed Bandura to establish that there were certain steps involved in the modeling process. If you are going to learn anything, you have to be paying attention. Likewise, anything that doesnt allow you to pay attention is going to decrease learning. If, for example, you are sleepy, groggy, drugged, sick, or nervous, you will learn less. Second, you must be able to remember what you have paid attention to. This is where imagery and language come in. We store what we have seen the model doing in the form of mental images, or verbal descriptions. When stored, you can later bring up the image or description, so that you can reproduce it with your own behavior. At this point, youre just sitting there daydreaming. You have to translate the images or descriptions into actual behavior. So you have to have the ability to reproduce the behavior in the first place. For example, I can watch Olympic swimmers all day long, and not be able to reproduce their times, because I may not even know how to swim. But if I can swim, my performance would in fact improve if I watch swimmers who are better than I am. Our abilities improve even when we just imagine ourselves performing. Many athletes, imagine their performance in their mind prior to actually performing. With all this, youre still not going to do anything unless you are motivated to imitate. Bandura says there are many motives, past reinforcement, promised reinforcements, vicarious reinforcement. These are, considered to be the things that cause learning. Bandura is saying that they dont cause learning but, only cause us to demonstrate what we have learned. He sees them as motives. The negative motivations are there too, giving you reasons not to imitate someone such as past punishment, promised punishment (threats), vicarious punishment. Like most traditional behaviorists, Bandura says that punishment in whatever form does not work as well as reinforcement and, in fact, has a tendency to backfire on us.